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CALCULATORS / EMBEDDED TIMING AND DIGITAL SYSTEMS

PWM frequency, resolution and duty calculator

Ideal timer PWM rate and duty quantization; edge-aligned timer.

embedded-pwm.napkin / editable
✓ checks pass

SCENARIO COMPARISON

Compare the numbers.

This source describes an analytical model. Its quantities and checks are the view.

ScenariofrequencyHzdutyresolution
10000.250.001
8000.250.001

All calculated quantities are listed with the inputs. Switch to Source to inspect the equations.

SCENARIOS / CALCULATED VALUESSAME SOURCE

Change an input to see the consequences.

compare within period250.00 ✓ passes

BASELINE INPUTS

CALCULATED

frequency1000 Hz
duty0.25
resolution0.001

Edits change the baseline source.

Calculated from your source · not saved
Baseline · Baseline
compare within period250.00 ✓ passes
alternative · alternative
compare within period250.00 ✓ passes

Illustrative first-order example. Checks are editable requirements, not design standards. The broader topic may require additional equations, data, and validation.

Formula and units

This example uses the following equations. Input names and units match the editable source above.

frequency
frequency = clock/(prescaler*periodCounts) [Hz]
duty
duty = compareCounts/periodCounts
resolution
resolution = 1/periodCounts

Original worked example

These are the baseline values in the downloadable source. Edits above let you test your own values.

Given

clock
48000000 Hz
prescaler
48
period counts
1000
compare counts
250

Calculated

frequency
1000 Hz
duty
0.25
resolution
0.001

Assumptions and limits

Ideal timer PWM rate and duty quantization; edge-aligned timer.

The requirement checks use the limits written in this example. Passing a check does not establish that the model covers every load, material behavior, or operating condition in a real design.

Download this .napkin example ↓

Take it further with your agent

Napkin keeps the inputs, equations, checks and assumptions together in one study. Your agent sets it up; you change the numbers.

Try with Claude ↗

codex 'Use Napkin (https://napkin.engineering/mcp, or the local Napkin plugin) to build a study: PWM frequency, resolution and duty. Inputs: clock; prescaler; timer width; mode. Outputs: frequency; duty increments; on-time. Model scope: Declared clock, peripheral and execution assumptions. Read napkin_capabilities and the current snapshot. Ask me for the values that matter, label assumptions with units, author .napkin source, validate it and apply it with napkin_source using the current revision, then open the study. Add checks for the limits I supply. Keep unsupported analyses explicit.'

Claude needs the Napkin connector; Codex needs the Napkin plugin. Set up your agent ↗

The broader study

The topic brief below describes the broader scope. The worked example above states the particular calculation it implements.

  • Inputs: clock, prescaler, timer width, mode
  • Outputs: frequency, duty increments, on-time
  • Modes: calculate, compare, sweep
  • Drawing: Timing diagram or event simulation

EXECUTABLE WORKED EXAMPLE · FIRST-ORDER MODEL · CHECK THE SCOPE & ASSUMPTIONS

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